![]() ![]() Every person over age 16 was required to cooperate: "That each and every free person more than sixteen years of age, whether heads of families or not .according to the best of my ability, and that I will take the said enumeration and description by actual inquiry at every dwelling house within said division, or personal inquiry of the head of every family, and not otherwise." Each marshal took an oath or affirmation that "I will truly and faithfully cause to be made a full and perfect enumeration and description of all persons resident within my district, (or territory,) and return the same to the Secretary of State, agreeably to the directions of an act of Congress, entitled, 'An act to provide for taking the sixth census or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States,' according to the best of my ability." Each assistant marshal took an oath or affirmation that "I will make a just, faithful, and perfect enumeration and description of all persons, resident within the division assigned to me for that purpose. Marshal for each Federal judicial district was responsible for taking the census in his district with the help of assistant marshals whom he appointed. Secretary of State John Forsyth had general supervision of census operations and tabulating and reporting the results to the President and Congress. ![]() The law required "That every person whose usual place of abode shall be in any family on, shall be returned as of such family and the name of every person, who shall be an inhabitant of any district or Territory, without a settled place of residence, shall be inserted in the column of the schedule which is allotted for the heads of families, in the division where he or she shall be on, and every person occasionally absent at the time of the enumeration, as belonging to that place in which he usually resides in the United States." Who was involved? The two amendments corrected errors and omissions in the original act. The census began on Monday, June 1, 1840, and was finished within five months, under the rules and directions established in an Act of Congress approved March 3, 1839 ( “An Act to provide for taking the sixth census or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States,” 5 Statutes at Large 331 ), amended on Febru( 5 Statutes at Large 368) and Janu( 5 Statutes at Large 411). House of Representatives was based on population determined by a census taken at 10 year intervals: "The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law Direct." What was the official census day? Article I, Section 2, established that representation in the U.S. Constitution was ratified September 17, 1787. Frequently Asked Questions About the 1840 Census Why was the 1840 Census taken? Taken every 10 years since 1790, census records provide a snapshot of the nation's population. The 1840 population census was the Sixth Decennial Census of the United States.
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